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In response to the lack of a mass medium that tackles disaster response and rehabilitation in a highly vulnerable region, IAWRT Philippines chapter is establishing a community radio station to be based at the so-called ground zero of the strongest typhoon in recorded history. ESP 

To kick it off in early October, women community radio broadcasters in the Philippines organized and conducted a four-day workshop for the establishment of a disaster response and rehabilitation community radio station  in Tacloban City. That was followed by a  two-day community-based radio training in late October. 

By IAWRT Philippine Chapter and  Frenchie Mae Cumpio

With gusts in excess of 300 kph, Typhoon Haiyan (known locally as Yolanda) struck the entire central region of the Philippines (the Visayas) on November 8, 2013, killing a yet-undetermined number of people, displacing millions and destroying property worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Last year, the Philippines National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) confirmed 6,300 fatalities across the country. However some NGO’s estimate a much higher toll in Tacloban City alone. 

Pics: Post Typhoon Hiyan, November 2013: Samahang Operasyong Sagip (SOS) Tacloban aerial view: Russell Watkins/Department for International Development. 

Nearly two years after the disaster, poor Haiyan survivors have yet to be permanently resettled and social services remain sorely lacking across the islands of Leyte and Samar, as can be seen in this video from the affected region.

“Climate change experts predict that the Philippines will always remain vulnerable to typhoons as destructive as Haiyan.  Our aim is to help the people of Eastern Visayas prepare for this, so-called, new normal,” IAWRT Philippines chapter president Jola Diones-Mamangun said.

“A community station is the most viable solution to the lack of a sustained and dedicated mass communication platform to help the survivors to rise up from this disaster and prepare for the next,” Mamangun added. 

Unlike existing commercial radio stations in Eastern Visayas, the community radio station will be non-profit and will be dedicated to helping marginalized sectors recover from Haiyan’s devastation.

IAWRT’s International Board recently approved a grant funded by Norad through FOKUS for the establishment of a mobile disaster response and rehabilitation community radio station in Haiyan-affected areas.

Pic: SOS (a network of volunteer health workers, professionals, and students, assisting disaster victims)

Aside from being community-owned, this station shall have the capacity to be mobile.  It means we can transport all its equipment to an area within the region which is being threatened or is suffering from another disaster and return to Tacloban City after,” Mamangun said.

The workshop in Tacloban is the first in a series of activities aimed to train its first group of broadcasters. It included discussions on the state of the Philippine mass media as well as the need for more community radio stations to serve women and other vulnerable sectors of society.  Writing for radio, interviewing, reporting, the broadcast clock, and on-air presence were included in the workshop.

Diones-Mamangun, IAWRT Philippine Chapter treasurer May Macapobre and member Marvie Matura conducted the training, along with Eastern Vista (a local non-profit media group) and Kodao Productions’ radio director, Raymund Villanueva .

“What makes this project groundbreaking is the fact that women are leading its establishment and women shall occupy executive positions in its management,” Macapobre said.

Women leaders from the peasant,* fisher folks, urban poor, academe and the church are being invited to form the radio station’s local board, while women candidates are being interviewed to be its first station manager.

Pic:Front L-R: Nora de Verra, Lourdes Lacerna, Marissa Cabaljao, Jola Diones-Mamangun, Frenchie Mae Cumpio , Janet Darantinao, Marvie Matura and May Macapobre. Back: Raymund Villanueva, Michael Jay Advincula, Kelvin Tomzon, Joven Montubig, Frank Falguera, Dean Lacandazo, Mario Sabelgas, Rev. Cesar Tumandao and Jebri Gil

In late October, a group of 27 delegates, the majority of whom were women, came from different parts of Samar and Leyte to participate in two days of community radio training hosted by IAWRT Philippines, again in partnership with Kodao Productions and Eastern Vista. it was held at the UP Vista Office, office of student publications of the University of the Philippines – Visayas Tacloban College (UPVTC).

The delegates, who will soon serve as the reporters and anchors of the radio station, received confidence and team building training along with news writing, radio broadcasting and field reporting. The first day of the training focused on boosting the confidence of each participant, with workshops in basic acting and news writing. It included broadcast training on breathing and word pronunciation.

The second day of the training began to put theory into practice, with a test podcast where one of the participants served as the anchor and nine of them were field reporters. Mamangun says that In early November, they will be put to the test as part of the local media.  “An Eastern Visayas-wide mobilization and activity  themed ‘Two Years of Injustice,’ will be held to coincide with the second anniversary of Typhoon Yolanda [Hiyan]. The trainees will serve as field reporters stationed at different parts of Samar and Leyte.” 

pics: team building, and facilitator and IAWRT Philippines chapter head Jola Diones-Mamangun. photos by Jandi Dineros of UP Vista

May Macapobre says emergency radio stations were set up after Typhoon Haiyan, but they didn’t last. “They were dependent on the presence of foreign disaster response and humanitarian organizations. Now that their interventions are over, those stations stopped broadcasting. What we need is sustainability and that is only possible if the people own the station.”

“Climate change is real and the best way to prepare the people to meet the challenges of recovery and preparation for more disasters ahead, is an education tool in the form of their community radio station, she explained. IAWRT Philippines hopes to initiate the station’s test broadcast in December. 

* In the Philippines, particularly among the democracy activist sectors, “peasant” is a badge of honor. It means belonging to the largest sector as well as the main force for social transformation.

Pics below: workshop 1. (L-R) Lourdes Lacerna , Nora de Verra, , Marissa Cabaljao, Jola Diones-Mamangun, May Macapobre, Lourdes Lacerna , Frenchie Mae Cumpio , Marvie Matura and Janet Darantinao.  Worshop 2: Tessa Andrea T. Palmiano, Rodney O. Dublin, Lianne Ponferrada, Marites T. Duguilla, Panchito P. Pancho, Jr., Frenchie mae Cumpio, Diana Martinelli Babael, Joseph Carlos A. Decenilla, Rev. Cesar C. Tumandao, Jr., Michael Jay Advincula, Nichole A. Fabular, Yolito G. Tabontabon, Krishmar H. Centino, Mary Grace Solayao, Jenny Rose Nabong, Mary Joy Solayao, Glody Ann Z. Ocale, Maria Lorissa C. Tabontabon, Lerma R. Macabante, Evalyn f. Cabueñas, Rose Ann Asoy Tejones, Marissa Cabalyao, Josefa F. Abid, Lourdes Lacerna, Kelvin Tumzon, Janet Darantinao, Jandi Dineros.

 

The 12th IAWRT Asian Women’s Film Festival will take place in New Delhi, 3-5 March 2016, and will showcase the works of Asian women directors in a range of genres – animation, documentary, experimental, short fiction and feature fiction. The director could be living in any part of the world but should be of Asian origin. Enties and DVDs should reach us no later than October 31. ESP

In the 2016 edition of the festival we seek to have an exciting selection of films that are diverse in context, content and form. Apart from the general programme, there will be some curated sections. There will also be a special section on Films from Palestine as well as other packages. The  rules and entry forms are below. Please send us 2 dvds of your film(s) for preview. The completed entry form can be sent by email. There is no need for hard copies.  The forms and DVDs should reach us no later than October 31, 2016. IAWRT India Chapter

 

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Gunilla Ivarsson from Sweden is the new President of the International Association of Women in Radio and Television, Ananya Chakraborti from India, her Deputy. At elections held after the 35th Biennial in New Delhi, India, Pochi Tamba Nsoh the IAWRT chapter head for Cameroon, became the organisation’s new Secretary, Violet Gonda, UK/Zimbabwe, became the IAWRT Treasurer.  The board members are Anupa Shrestha from Nepal Abeer Saady from Egypt and Iphigénie Marcoux-Fortier from Canada. ESP

Pictured: IAWRT Executive: Pochi Tamba Nsoh, Secretary;  Ananya Chakraborti, Deputy Prresident; Violet Gonda Treasurer; Gunilla Ivarsson President.

below: 

1.  Pochi Tamba Nsoh, Ananya Chakraborti, Violet Gonda, Gunilla Ivarsson, Anupa Shrestha, Abeer Saady, Iphigénie Marcoux-Fortier.

2.  President Gunilla Ivarsson and Vice President Ananya Chakraborti.

3. Outgoing board and current secretariat: Communications Officer, Geeta Sahai, Web Journalist, Nonee Walsh, past secretary, Violet Gonda, past president Racheal Nakitare, past vice president, Gerd Inger Polden, past treasurer, Ananya Chakraborti, past board members, Khedija Lemkecher, Valerie Lew, Sheila Dallas, Finance officer, Regina Gathoni.

 

OPEN CALL FOR GRANT APPLICATIONS: Promote peacebuilding, human rights, and social justice. Fork Films is holding our second open call for grant applications for feature length documentary projects in development, production and post-production. Fork Films awards grants to full-length non-fiction films that foster a culture of understanding and work towards a more peaceful and just society, while utilizing powerful and artistic storytelling methods. Specifically we seek films that promote peacebuilding, human rights, and social justice, with a particular emphasis on projects that bring women’s voices to the forefront. We will accept applications via an online submission form which is available now on the Fork Films website, with the deadline for submission being October 1st, 2015. For more information please visit the Fork Films website where you can review the details and guidelines. For more information on projects we have funded in the past, click here. We look forward to your applications!

Cri

WINNERS

TV Documentary:  Farzana Boby, Bangladesh, The Poison Thorn (Bishkanta) 

Radio:  Alexandra Christine Hall, (pictured) Clandestine Abortion in Chile, WINGS

Web audio:  Diana Wanyonyi, Kenya, Save our Queens Campaign,  Baraka FM.   

HONOURABLE MENTIONS:

TV: Kristine Ramm, Norway, Feminists of the 70s, NRK ; Adele Tulli, United Kingdom, Rebel Menopause.

Radio: Karena Wynn-Moylan, Australia, Memories of Sarajevo: singing a new song, Bay FM, 99.9; Mindy Ran, the Netherlands, Women on the Frontlines 2015, US-based Pacifica Radio Network.

Web audio: Boni Sones, Throwing in the Towel: how Labour Women MPs fought to change Westminster Politics,The women’s parliamentary radio website.

more details

 

 

launch

The Gender Equality And Social Justice In Public Media report has been  launched at the IAWRT Biennial Conference in New Deli. The eight country study of public radio and television, lead by Greta Gober & Diana Iulia Nastasia, measured representation of gender and other social justice measures such as age, ethnicity, and sexual diversity, across four continents and eight countries. ESP

The Full report is available, or listen to the researchers, Greta Gober and Dr Diana Nastasia explain how their monitoring project of public radio and television has found a very narrow spectrum of opinion which is predominantly male and middle class and not representative of the populations where they broadcast on Astute Radio .

Picture: IAWRT President Racael Nakitare at the report launch at the IAWRT Biennial New Delh

 

 

abu abid

the Asian Broadcasting Union in collaboration with Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development (AIBD) have organised the 3rd regional workshop on Over-The-Top (OTT) and Integrated Broadcast Broadband (IBB) technologies and services.  It will be held  Sept 29 to Oct 1, 2015, Kuala Lumpur Hotel CaPITOL.

This three day workshop will introduce these technologies and address some of the main issues that broadcasters are facing when they want to introduce OTT and IBB services within their portfolio. It will not only explore the technology but also look at other value added services and business opportunities that they can introduce to attain a competitive edge in the market place. Case studies from Asia-Pacific region will be presented with some reference to European implementations too.

There are no registration/participation fees for ABU members interested or.involved in technical and production operations, who wish to attend this “OTT and IBB Hybrid Technologies” event. 

full details available http://bit.ly/1ELOwIk
 

Khadija portrait

Khadija Ismayilova sentenced to more than 7 year jail. Human Rights groups have widely condemned the jailing of Azerbaijan journalist Khadija Ismayilova for seven-and-a-half years, for or what Human Rights Watch calls “spurious charges of tax evasion and other economic crimes, after a politically motivated trial.

HRW executive Director Ken Roth called the trial “a joke.” He says Khadija Ismayilova is “a real human rights hero, an investigative journalist prepared to expose human rights abuses”. His comment can be found here: http://bit.ly/1FqDZwT

The Council of Europe reiterated “its concerns about the systemic deficiencies in the Azerbaijani judicial system and the worrying trend of increasing cases against human rights defenders and journalists, which has a chilling effect on freedom of expression in the country.” Condemnation of the trial and sentence has been widespread, including Amnesty International, the International Women’s Media Foundation, the Committee to Protect Journalists, the International Journalists Federation, and by British and US government officials.The Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project has posted Khadija Ismayilova’s complete defiant reponse which she was not allowed to fully present to the court : https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/4350-khadija-ismayilova-s-final-statement-to-court-in-full (Photo courtesy of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty)

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Name: Nonee Walsh 

Location: Illawarra region, New South Wales, Australia

What do you do?

I have spent three decades as a radio, and online reporter and journalist specialising in legal, environment science and human rights reporting, mostly for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Sydney. Prior to that I worked in community radio. I have just been appointed as the web journalist for IAWRT (July 2015).

Why did this type of work interest you, and how did you get started?

I think I always wanted to be in the media and my interest is maintained because I believe knowledge empowers democracy, and mitigates against any abuse of authority. In the mid 1970’s it was a small-scale beginning in high-school, challenging teachers’ control of the school magazine; at Adelaide University to challenge conservative students control of the student newspaper ‘On Dit’, through to Student Radio where I took up a challenge to join, after I criticised a clique of male students running programs; That began my radio career and I went onto another community (volunteer run) radio station at a time when the coverage of environment issues, women’s rights and homosexual rights were considered radical rather than main-stream. To this day, despite its technical inadequacies, I am proud of my first radio documentary, which allowed prostitutes to tell their stories as workers and women, who faced discrimination and illegal victimisation by Police. Prostitution was later decriminalized in South Australia. It was then that I first gained my respect for the proper function of law, through one University law Professor who gave advice which ensured the Police had no grounds to carry out their threat to prosecute for libel. Later I set up a community radio news show, designed to demonstrate that news must always be heard critically, by reporting the way in which different countries radio stations reported on the same event. After that I moved to Sydney to forge a professional career in radio journalism, starting as a cadet in the ABC Radio Current Affairs department. In my ABC career, I was the first Royal Commissions and inquiries rounds-person, and reported on many scandals and abuses of human rights. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-08-21/reporter-reflects-on-james-hardie-scandal/1399386 ; http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-24/crown-solicitor-in-child-sex-abuse-case-mediation-years-ago/5839396;  http://www.australiaplus.com/international/2010-02-15/class-action-begins-over-iraq-wheat-payments/198944

I was the first ABC radio news Inquiries and Royal Commissions rounds-person and first Environment Reporter, http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/backgroundbriefing/sydneys-cryptic-water-crisis/3554268#transcript; http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-10-21/nsws-decision-to-run-a-new-coal-mine-has-been/2305972;

I reported politics and on science news, including women’s perspectives http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s217256.htm; http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2002/02/06/474862.htm:

I also acted as a Chief of newsroom staff. Truth-seeking has always motivated me. I am inquisitive (hence my first foray, interviewing women who sold sex because I knew nothing about them) and sensitive to the different ways in which people understand events, partially because of my own immigrant experience in Australia.

What part of this job do you personally find most satisfying? Most challenging?

I enjoyed meeting, and being able to tell the stories of people who usually do not get access to the media or the corridors of power, such as those who suffered institutional abuse by corporations, or the law or government. This can often be frustrating for a journalist who is primarily a news reporter, having to fit complex issues into small spaces limited by program formats and being expected to file ‘early and often’. It can be hard to deal with the disappointments of people who want more attention given to their individual stories.   I enjoy the feeling that I am adding to the body of knowledge which people require to participate in decisions which affect their lives. I especially liked following and reporting on investigations which uncovered wrongdoing and held perpetrators to account, or lead to change or improvements.  The most annoying aspect of modern journalism is now the extent of control of government and public statements, through public relations and media specialists, encouraging journalists to take the quick route to complete their stories.

What do you like and not like about working in this industry?

I arrived at a time when men dominated news management, and journalism was thought to be best done in an aggressive forceful manner. Much though I enjoyed holding politicians to account through questioning at media conferences, it was not a broadcast style I aspired to, being by nature inquisitive rather than inquisitorial. It was a challenge to be allocated the “serious” subjects to cover, whilst maintaining a non-aggressive approach. Along with other women journalists I worked to expose the grading bias against women in the workplace,  and have since seen many women rise to higher editorial positions in the ensuing years. However, there still needs to be vigilance against an expectation for women journalists to be more than able reporters – having also to be pretty, made-up, dressed-up and often young, to be on television.

What are your long-term goals?

In IAWRT I want to foster cultural understanding of the different issues faced by media workers, to  publish stories about their work and to enhance IAWRT’s work to foster the careers of women who tell important stories, and to put systems in place where future members can take on the web-journalist role and  continue to agitate for the goal of equality, worldwide.

What special advice do you have for a student seeking to qualify for this position?

In terms of a career in mainstream media, start by volunteering in community organisations to get experience. It is important to get out of your comfort zone, meet and work with people who are not part of your normal social circle, to learn to tell stories with them, not just about them. I still think radio is a good starting point, as a story’s value is determined by content alone, and broadcasting brings with it, responses from a wide range of listeners. Community news sites and some blogging can also be good starting areas, but always be wary of falling into the trap of just talking to those who agree with you.  Obviously with a web-journalist position one needs to get across a number of ways to reach out, through social media, and the many on-line mediums now available, so look for community and activist groups who may want a media worker.

Do you have any special words of warning or encouragement as a result of your experience?

Don’t be afraid of complexity, such as bureaucratic records or legal documents, they give you the necessary knowledge to fully understand issues. Keep your information and old stories well organized and secure, if necessary. As well, it is important to go back to old stories to see if there has been any outcome or solution and to ensure that those in power are held to their promises. If you make mistakes, acknowledge them, fix them and move on.  Work to a code of ethics and stick to it.

These are my strongest assets/skills, areas of knowledge, personality traits and values are….

I am always keen to spend time with people to find their truth so that I can learn about them, and try to do justice to their perspective. I love sharing knowledge and learning from others. I am able to get across complex issues in the law, government, planning and environment policies or science and  make them comprehensible and relevant to an audience. I am able to use my broad knowledge of governmental and judicial events going back nearly thirty years to work to accurately provide people with useful information to pressure the power elites to account for their past undertakings.

women rising 2 cut_edited-1

Many years ago in my university days, I was taken by this famous Chinese propaganda picture, based apparently on the late Chairman Mao’s quote, “women can hold up half the sky” depicting women leading a fairly equal gender divide of troops.

For me it was an amusing culturally mixed metaphor as it looked suspiciously like the parting of the Red Sea, but I liked the idea of a woman leading the way forward. I cut off the slogan because, for me, it was a work of art I liked which was, none-the-less, a fairy-tale version of the reality of women’s rights and opportunities. Battered and worn, I still have it, and despite 20 years of international debate since the Beijing Women’s conference, it may still be more aspirational than factual.

To an outsider observing any United Nations discussions, no matter how important the issue, it can appear to be what English speakers describe as “dotting the ‘i’s and crossing the ‘t’s”, so approaching a book which purports to examine decades of UN discussion and advocacy about women is a little daunting. Indeed in Women and Girls rising: Progress and Resistance Around the World, the first agreement on sexual rights in the Beijing platform is described as having being “negotiated painfully”, with the ongoing work to protect those agreements, “a continuing strain on activists.”  

However, the notion of being extremely, perhaps unnecessarily, precise by putting a dot in the letter i and crossing the letter t, seems quite apt, when Chinese IAWRT member Cai Yiping (photo below) and her colleague, Liu Bhonog. in a section entitled Negotiating Gender mainstreaming in China, declare it a problem that the Chinese Government defined ‘gender mainstreaming’ as being interchangeable with ‘equality between men and women’.

After China hosted the 4th World Women’s Conference in Beijing, they say the prevailing discourse of equality, enshrined in China’s constitution since 1954, should have made the adoption of ‘gender mainstreaming’ – ensuring policies benefit men and women equally  –  pretty straight forward. Yet the concept was co-oped and translated to mean “mainstreaming gender into policy-making”.  China has been very successful at this, incorporating the important concept of human rights into policy about women and allocating administrative responsibilities to the prevention of violence against women. Women’s development and gender equity and the commitment to the Convention to end all forms of Discrimination against women (CEDAW) have also been incorporated into China’s Economic and Social Development Plan. As noted elsewhere in the book, there are more UN member states in CEDAW than any other treaty; that should put China at least one step ahead of the United States, which has not ratified the convention.  

It all sounds pretty good, but Cai Yiping and Liu Bohong report that while many important policies have been implemented, gender inequality continues to grow in China, indeed inequality may have increased in the last three decades of economic liberalisation. In a country where women’s participation in the paid work force is 40 percent higher than the world’s average, the gender wage gap is increasing, along with rural urban disparities, as China has grown into the world’s second largest economy. In political participation, less than a quarter of the country’s decision-makers are women.  Yet, based on national averages, China is meeting its UN millennium development goals in education. However, the authors say this disguises a number of barriers to women in education. Likewise goals on maternal mortality have been met, but there are many other measures of women’s health, and reproductive rights remain a contentious issue.

In essence, they conclude that “current efforts on gender mainstreaming focussing on policy making, law and legislation are weak in implementation and enforcement”. This is of course a simplification of a rich and complex analysis of the status of Chinese women on the 20th anniversary of the Beijing Women’s conference, but it raises one issue which concerns many contributors to Women and Girls rising: Progress and Resistance Around the World, and that is the priorities given to women in the global development agenda, and the meaningful participation of women’s rights activists in policy building.  

As the editors Ellen Chesler and Terry Mcgovern point out in the introduction, “misguided economic policies are devastating poor women” in countries where governments are “acting at the behest of global financial institutions.”  Simply put, gender policies won’t work without larger policies to address the growing divide between rich and poor.

“Since 1995 The UN’s need to build consensus and reliance in public private partnerships has actually impeded the progress of feminists’ efforts and thinking” According to Indian activist and academic, Devaki Jain. While the UN enabled covenants to protect and advance women’s rights and nurtured feminist networks, Jain says globalisation is now pushing multilaterals like the UN aside ­—  “they lost their power to negotiate justice.” She is disheartened by the lack of change in the condition of women and girls, as the commitment to women’s rights and equality exists in high places, but “the ground remains largely still.”

In A feminists reflections on the partnership with the UN system, Devaki Jain questions the value of her time “walking alongside the UN system for 40 years”, when the condition of the world’s women in terms of work and violence, in particular, shows little improvement. She cites the sobering statistic that two thirds of the world’s 774 million illiterate adults are women and says the United Nations has become an unwieldy bureaucracy trying to fulfil: “multiple roles as development activist, human rights champion and negotiator of peace and security [which has] had a negative impact on the larger goals of peace and justice.”

However, the struggle to have nations recognise in law that women’s rights are human rights, only developed through activism and the many UN women’s forums held since the first women’s conference in Mexico. Charlotte Bunch and Roxanna Carrillo say that concept has grown exponentially in the past two decades. Now most countries have such rights in law, but certainly not in fact. These pre-social media world conferences of the 1990s were fundamentally important in shaping a generation of civil society activists, they say: “[and] still stand as a beacon of hope that concerted collective action can advance respect and the realisation of women’s rights.” However, the challenge now is for there to be new ways forward, to address the economic divide, and another particular issue of concern, the paucity of women’s involvement in peace-making, and post-conflict reconstruction policy.

Devaki Jain acknowledges that UN human rights frameworks are strong enabling tools for subordinated groups, and provide important access to legal systems. However, the lack of financial investment by states reduces such rights (to education or food, for example) to rhetoric. The women’s rights agenda “has floundered for lack of resources to back it up.” Her thoughtful contribution argues for a renewed feminist contribution to mainstream economic thought, where combating poverty can “bubble up [rather than] trickling down.” She suggests borrowing from the Indian economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, taking on board his powerful concept that eliminating injustice should take precedence over striving for the perfect goal of justice.

“The feminist movement should convince the UN to take up the challenge of the overall increase in inequalities – not limit ourselves to gender equality.” It is just one of the challenging and informative views in this rich collection which is well worth close attention According to Devaki Jain new macro-economic theories built and transacted by women “could be a great leap forward”, and then, perhaps, I could return my old Chinese poster to the wall.

By Nonee Walsh

The Roosevelt Institute will officially launch the book in New York, on September 17th 2015 at the Ford Foundation.

 

Women and Girls Rising: Progress and resistance around the world (Global Institutions) by Ellen Chesler (Editor), Terry McGovern (Editor) Publisher: Routledge (July 2, 2015)